FAMOUS PERSONALITIES From Unnao U.P.

FAMOUS PERSONALITIES From Unnao U.P.

RAO RAM BUX SINGH
	Also known as Babu Rao Ram Bux Singh was a great freedom fighter of Biaswara, Unnao. He was talukdar of Daundia Khera, and fought for the freedom of the country against the British. But ultimately his forces were defeated and he was cought at Varanasi and hanged to death in Daundia Khera on 28th of December 1858.
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CHANDRIKA BUX SINGH
	Born in 1923, son of the King of Bethar State, Ajit Singh, Chandrika Bux Singh came to the thrown after the untimely death of his father. He gave a tough fight to the British during the First war of Independence in 1857. Afterwards also he kept on his struggle. He killed the British Commander Murray and his wife and as a consequence he was arrested alongwith his family. The British decided to kill him in the most cruel way. He alongwith his family and associated was sentenced 'Kalapani ki Saja' as per the judgement on 28th Dec.1859. On 29th Dec,1859, it was ordered that his entire property be auctioned alongwith the above punishment. On his way to Kalapani, he was killed by the British on 30th Dec.1859.
Shams-ul-ulema mohd.abdul jalil usmani (born 1862 at Neotani, Unnao)
	Shams-ul-ulema mohammad abdul jalil usmani was bron in neotani and he was the professor of persian in college benaras persentely called it benaras hindu university.he was a versatile scholar in arabic, persian and urdu.he was among the six shams-ul-ulmas(grand scholar) in India.This honor was conferred upon him by the britsh governor lord elgin on the dated 22th june 1897 for his educationist views and intellectualities.He was a true scholar and patriot and had a deep vision to education for all classes. He got constructed two palatial building in neotani which are still intact and loan reminder of his love to native place. His grandsons are still living in nyotini.
MAULANA HASRAT MOHANI (born 1881 at Mohan, Unnao)
	Was a freedom fighter and Urdu Poet. After his graduation in 1903, inspired by Rao Ram Bux Singh, he threw himself into the freedom struggle. He took up the Editing of the newspaper 'Urdu-A-Muallah' in 1913 and continued his struggle through his articles. As a consequence he was kept in imprisonment from 1914 to 1918 but he continued his writing work in jail. He was nominated the member of the State Assembly in 1946. On 15th May 1951, this patriot breathed his last at Lucknow and left a void which is difficult to fill.
CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD
	A great freedom fighter and revolutionary, he belonged to village Badarqa where his parental house still exists. He had vowed that he would not be caught alive by British forces. On 27th Feb. 1931, he was rounded up by British forces at Alfred Park Allahabad. When he realised that it would not be possible for him to escape, he shot himself by his Mauser pistol and fulfilled his vow. February 27th. The significance of this date lies in the fact that today in the year 1931 a valiant patriot by the name of Chandrashekhar Azad attained martyrdom while fighting the British so that we Indians could rejoice in freedom. He joined Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement but the violence perpetrated by the British infuriated him to such an extent that he turned a revolutionary. He joined the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) as a freedom fighter and later became its leader.Azad was involved in the Kakori train robbery, the Central Legislative Assembly bomb incident, the Delhi conspiracy and the shooting of British Police Superintendent Saunders at Lahore (1928) to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai. On February 27, 1931 he shot himself dead while bravely fighting the British. He was betrayed by an Indian. He lived upto his self-pride in not surrendering and in not succumbing to the enemy’s bullets. His fearlessness is signified by the fact that he continued fighting an army of British soldiers for several hours before sacrificing his own life when there was no way out, thus setting a rare example of courage and devotion to the country. He was truly a One-Man Army. The question that we all need to ask ourselves today is whether or not we are protecting the freedom that is soaked with the blood of revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev and the list goes on an on. How easily do we take this independence for granted and become happily oblivious to the fact that we would still have been slaves had it not been for brave young men like Azad. It is different that we are still besieged by evils like poverty, population, prostitution etc.
VISHAMBHAR DAYAL TRIPATHI (5.10.1899 - 18.11.1959)
	Born at Bangarmau, Unnao , he was a great man in all aspects of life. He was a brilliant scholar, being a Gold Medallist from Banaras Hindu University. His enormous sacrifices for the country can be compared with any great leader or freedom fighter of the Nation. He was a close associate of Subash Chandra Bose He was several times sent to jail during the freedom struggle.He was jailed for 6 months during the 'Namak Satyagrah Aandolan' in 1930. He was fined Rs. 450 and sent to jail for 4 months in 1931 in connection with the 'Pipri Kand'.He was again jailed for 6 months for his participation in 'Lagan bandi Aandolan' in 1932.He was jailed for 6 months in 1933 during the 'Savinay Awagya Aandolan'.He was jailed from 1942 - 1945 during the 'Krips Mission'.
	He was- The Chairman of the Committee which was sent to Andman Nicobar to assess the possibility of development over there. The Chairman of the Zamindari Abolition Committee. The Chairman of the recognition Committee of High School & Intermediate Board U.P. The founder of D.S.N. College, Unnao and opened many other educational institutions in the District. In 1946 Vishambhar Dayal Tripathi was elected to the Legislative Assembly and was the Member of Parliament from 1952 to 1959 till his death (18th Nov.1959)
Padma Vibhushan Pt. UMA SHANKER DIXIT
	Born on 12th January 1901 at village Ugu of Unnao district, he got his education from Kanpur. Since his student life he joined the freedom movement and was the Secretary of the District Congress Committee Kanpur during the period when Sh. Ganesh SDhanker Vidyarthi was the President of the Committee.  He served the Country as the Home Minister, Health Minister and Governor of Karnatak & West Bengal. He also served as treasurer of All India Congress Committee, and Managing Director of Associated Journals at Lucknow. He founded a Girls Intermediate College at his village Ugu in the memory of his mother.
Pt. DWARIKA PRASAD MISRA
	A great freedom fighter & diplomat, he belonged to village Padari in Unnao. As a poet he composed Mahakavya- 'Krishnair'. He became the Chief Minister of M.P. after Ravi Shanker Shukla.
SURYA KANT TRIPATHI 'NIRALA' (21.2.1897 - 15.10.1961)
	'Nirala', a 'Chhayawadi' Poet, was born in Madinipur district of West Bengal. Thereon he shifted to Lucknow and then to Village Gadhakola of District Unnao, to which his father originally belonged. He was well versed in Hindi, Bangla, English & Sanskrit and was greatly inspired by Ram Krishna Paramhans, Swami Vivekanand & Ravindra Nath Tagore. His wrote strongly against social injustice & exploitation in the society. It will not be wrong to say that he was well ahead of his time in his work. There is a Park(Nirala Uddyan), an Auditorium (Nirala Prekshagrah) and a Degree College (Mahapran Nirala Degree College) in the district after his name.
	'Janmbhumi', 'Parimal', 'Geetika', 'Anamika' , 'Tulsidas', 'Kukurmutta', 'Adima', 'Bela', 'Nai Pattey', 'Archana', 'Aradhana', 'Geet Gunj', 'Sandya Kakli' ( All Poetry) 'Apsara', 'Alka', 'Prabhawati', 'Nirupama', 'Kulli Bhat', 'Billesur Bakriha', 'Choti ki Pakar', 'Kale Karname' (All Novels) 'Lily', 'Sakhi', 'Sukul ki Bibi', 'Devi', 'Chaturi Chamaar' (All Story books) 'Bangbhasha ka Uchcharan', 'Ravindra-Kavita-Kannan', 'Prabandh-Padya', 'Prabandh-Pratima', 'Chabuk', 'Chayan', 'Sangrah' (All Essays) 'Mahabharat' (Epic Katha) 'Anand Math', 'Vish-Vriksh', 'Krishna kant ka Vil', 'Kapal Kundala', 'Durgesh Nandini', 'Raj Singh', 'Raj Rani', 'Devi Chaudharani', 'Yuglanguliya', 'Chandrasekhar', 'Rajni', 'Sri Ramkrishna Vachnamrit','Bhatrat Main Vivekanand', 'Rajyog' (All Translations)
BHAGWATI CHARAN VERMA (30.8.1903 - 5.10.1980)
	A great writer,Born at Safipur, Unnao, Was Hindi Advisor at Akashwani, Lucknow in 1950 He was the member of Rajya Sabha in 1978
	Awards 'Sahitya Akademy Award' in 1961 for his book 'Bhule Bisre Chitra'. 'Sahitya Vachaspati Upadhi' in 1969 'Padma Bhushan' in 1971.
	Publication 'Bhule Bisre Chitra' 'Chitralekha' (The Film 'Chitrlekha' was based on this novel.) 'Prashan Aur Marichika' 'Chanakaya' 'Seedhi Sachchi Baten'
NAND DULARE BAJPAYEE (27.8.1906 - 21.8.1967)
	Born at Magrayer, Unnao, was a famous Critic.Was Vice Chancellor at Vikram University, Ujjain.
	Was Editor of :-'Bharat' during 1930-33 'Soor Sagar' during 1933-36'Ram Charit Manas' during 1937-39 Was Head of Hindi Deptt. at Kashi Hindu Vishwavidhalaya from 1941-1947.
	Publication  'Hindi Sahitya' 'Biiswin Shatabdi'  Aadhunik Sahitya' 'Naya Sahitya Naye Prashna' 'Kavi Nirala''Kavi Prasad''Maha Kavi Tulsidas'                                                                     Top
RAM VILAS SHARMA (born 10.10.1912 at Unchagaon Sani, Unnao)
	Hindi Scholar, MA English Literature, PhD. Retd.Prof.& Head Dept. of English, Balwant Rajput College,Agra Former Director K.M.Munshi Hindi Vidyapeeth, Agra Former Gen.Secy. 'Akhil Bhartiya Pragatisheel Lekhak Sangh' (1949-53) Editor of 'Samalochak' (1958-89)
	Awards      Reciepient of 'Sahitya Akademy Award' in 1970. 'Vyas Samman' from K.K. Birla Foundation in 1991. 'Bharat Bharti Samman' from U.P. Govt. 'Shalaka Samman' from Hindi Academy, Delhi & and many other awards. But as a noble gesture he refused the prize money of many awards with a request that it may be utilised in the promotion of literacy.
	Publications    More than 30 Hindi Publications. 'Prem Chand Aur Unka Yug' in 1952. 'Pragatisheel Sahitya Ki Samasyayen' in 1955 'Nirala Ki Sahitya Sadhana' ( 3 Vol.) during 1969-76 'Acharya Ram Chand Shukla Aur Hindi Aalochana' in 1973 'Bharat Mein Angareji Raj Aur Marxvad' in 1982 'Roop Tarang Aur Pragatisheel Kavita Ki Vaycharik Prishthbhoomi' in 1990 'Bhartiya Sahitya Ki Bhoomika in 1996. 'Itihas Darshan' in 1997. (The above are all critics & history of literature.) 'Pragati Aur Parampara' in 1953 'Aastha Aur Saundarya' in 1960 'Bhasha Aur Samaj' in 1961 'Bharat Ki Prachin Bhasha Parivar Aur Hindi' in 1979 (The above are all essays) 'Apni Dharti Apne Log' (Autobiography : 3 Vol.) in 1996 'Swadhinta Sangram - Badelte Pariprekshya' in 1992.
SHIV MANGAL SINGH SUMAN (born 5.8.1915 at Jhagarpur, Unnao)
	Hindi Poet, M.A.,PhD in Hindi (both from B.H.U.) Presently Exec. President Kalidas Academy, Ujjain. Career    V.C., Vikram University, Ujjain during 1968-78. Vice-President U.P. Hindi Sansthan, Lucknow , Press & Cultural Attache, Indian Embassy, Kathmandu Nepal during 1956-61 President, Association of Indian Universities, New Delhi during 1977-78 Visited Nairobi (Kenya), Mauritius, Nepal, Afganistan, erstwhile USSR, France, England, Mangolia, Australia and Several other Countries.
	Awards  'Deva Puraskar' in 1958   'Soviet Land Nehru Award' in 1974  'Sahitya Akademy Award' in       1974'Shikhar Samman' in 1993 from M.P. Govt.'Bharat Bharti' Award in 1993 and several others.
	Hons.    Conferred 'Padam Shri' by the Govt. of India in 1974                D.Litt. by Bhagalpur University in 1973 & by Jabalpur University in 1983.
	Publications 'Hillol' in 1939 'Jeevan ke Gaan' in 1942 'Yug ka Mol' in 1945 'Pralay Srajan' in 1950 'Vishwas Badalta hi Gaya' in 1948 'Vidhya Himalaya' in 1960 'Mitti Ki Baarat' in 1972'Vani ki Vyatha' in 1980'Kate Anguthon ki Vandanvaren' in 1991 The above are all Poetry. 'Mahadevi ki Kavya Sadhana' in 1951'Geeti Kavya : Udyam Aur Vikas' 1995' (Both Critic) 'Prakriti Purush Kalidas' in 1961 (Play)
BHUPENDRA NATH SHUKLA (born 16.5.1918 at Hafizabad , Unnao)
	Hindi Writer, BA,LLB Participated in 1942 movement and imprisoned. Former Secretary & President, City Congress Committee, Unnao Member UP Congress Committee for 20 years. Former President Bar Association, Unnao & Trustee of a number of Educational and social organisations. Former President Zila Parishad Unnao. Founder Member of V.D.Tripathi Hindi Vidyapeeth Unnao.
	Awards Reciepient of 'Bhartendu Harishchandra Award' for Drama.(thrice) 'Sahitya Bhushan Award' by U.P. Hindi Sansthan. 'Sahitya Manishi Award' by Nirala Mahavidyalaya Unnao.'Sahityashree', 'Nirala Samman', 'Naveen Samman'.
	Publications  'Brah Ke Geet' in 1943  'Killol', in 1988, 'Madhvi' in1986 (both Poetry) 'Gaon ka Aadmi' in 1988, 'Dhanpati' 1989, 'Shripati', 1991 (all novels)'Yug Seemayen' in 1987,  'Pryambada' 1991, 'Shaktibodh' 1988 (all plays)'Yug Nirmata Nehru' in 1989 (Biography) 'Bahadur Shah Zafar' in 1981 'Valley of Death' (an English Novel based on Ayodhya) in 1994 'Vaidehi Parinaya', Yugantar''Lashon Ka Maqbara' (a Hindi Novel based on Ayodhya) in 1991 'Siyaar Daroga' (Short story for children) in 1994
MAIRAJ ZAIDI (born 22.11.1949 at Chaudhrana, Unnao)
	Stage Plays  'Agra Baazar' directed by Habib Tanveer (68 shows ). 'Charan Das Choor' directed by Habib Tanveer (8 shows). Contribution : He acted in these Plays. 'Curfew' adopted from Novel 'Shahar Mein Curfew' written by Vibhuti Narain Rao 'Tamacha' 'Raj Darshan'
	Contribution : Direction, Screen Play, Acting & Dialogue Writing. T.V. Serials :'Raja Ka Baaja' directed by Sayeed Mirza (27 episodes have been telecast on DD-I) 'Farz' : Nimbus Productions (17 episodes.)'Chamatkaar' directed by Partho Ghosh. (6 episodes) 'Rishtey' (Telecast on Sony) Contribution: Dialogue Writing. 'Ghadar - 1857' based on The First war of Independence directed by Sanjay Khan. Contribution: Research Story, Screen Play & Dialogue Writing. Documentary Films: 'Pehli Baar' directed by Sayeed Mirza (Telecast on Bhopal Doordarshan) Contribution: Dialogue Writing.
Pd. PRATAP NARAIN MISHRA ( 1856 - 1894 )
	Born at Baijegaon, Unnao, a renowned Poet and Writer of 'Bhartendu Mandal', he has more that 50 books under his name. He was the editor of 'Brahmin', a mothly magazine. All his publications have been compiled into 'Pratap Narain Mishra Granthawali' by 'Nagri Pracharini Sabha', Kashi. He was well versed in Sanskrit, Urdu, Farsi, English and Bangla. He was a humourous person and had a lifestyle of his own. Publications :'Prem Pushpawali', 'Man ki Lehar', 'Trapyantaam', 'Vraidla-swagat', 'Shaiv Sarwasva', 'Kavita Lehari' 'Hathi Hameer', 'Kali Kautuk', 'Bharat-Durdasha' (All Plays)
JAGDAMBIKA Pd. MISHRA 'Hitaishi' ( 1895 - 1956 )
	'Shahidon ki chitaon par judenge har baras mele.' 'Watan par marne walon ka yahi baki nishan hoga..' Above are the popular lines of his poem 'Matra Geeta' which was banned by the British Government. Born at Ganj Moradabad, Unnao he was popular for applying 'Savaiya - Chhand' in 'Khari boli' for which he got appreciation from great personalities of his time namely Acharya Mahavir Pd. Dwivedi and Acharya Ram Chandra Shulka. He had a strong hold of Sanskrit, Bangla and Farsi.
	Publications: 'Kallolini' 'Matra Geeta' 'Baikali' 'Darshana'
RAMAI KAKA ( 2.2.1915 - 18.4.1982 )
	Born at Rawatpur village of Unnao in a ordinary agriculturist family, Ramai Kaka was a Comedy Poet and an Artist. After passing his matriculation, he worked as Inspector in Planning department. Due to his illness he took early retirement from service in 1938. He was offered to perform on 'Aakashvani' in 1940. His performance as an actor in the programme 'Bahire Baba' on Aakashvani Lucknow earned his great fame. His programmes were also broadcasted on BBC London. During his 35 years of service in Aakashvani, he wrote Plays, comedy plays, 'Nautanki', and a number of Poems. He was a simple person who held high moral standards
	Publications: 'Bauchhar''Bhinsar''Netaji''Fuhar''Harpati Tarwar''Gulchharra' 'Hasya ke chhente' 'Mati ke bol' Awards: He was honoured with a special award of Rs.5000/- by 'Rajya Hindi Sansthan' for his contribution to Hindi literature.
Suhail Zaidi (born 31.12.1974 at Chaudhrana, Unnao)
	Born at Chaudhrana, Unnao in a Talukedar family, a simple person who held high moral standards. Producer, Project Head & Executive Producer. T.V. Serials As Project Head “Jhansi Ki Rani” ( ZEE tv) “Chand Ke Paar Chalo” ( NDTV Imagine) “Kumkum” ( Star Plus)
	T.V. Serials As Producer  'Maryada' (395 episodes have been telecast on DD-I) 'Talaash' : (52 episodes have been telecast on DD-1.) 'Hairat' (13 episodes have been telecast on DD-1) T.V. Serials As Executive Producer “Zameer” (52 episodes have been telecast on DD-1) “Safar” ( 39 episodes have been telecast on DD-1)
	Production:   “Aaj Tak News” (India Today Group) “Metro Club” (a daily youth magazine have been telecast on DD-2)

Review on MYSQL Locks

We have seen so many times locked tables in show process list, obviously it's panic to see locked tables as such cases finally stop your application causes Apache's threads count huge number, In this post we discuss about type of locks and how can we avoid them. Before going start  I’m happy to say I’m not a MySQL expert in every aspect of MySQL, specifically internals where I have not had the detailed time to read the code, and understanding all internal workings.

The main important thing is instrumenting and monitor your mysql in better way.

1. Slow Query Log
2. General Query Log
3. Binary Log
4. Connectors
5. Process-list
6. Engine status
7. Status variables

There are two classes of locks:

READ LOCK (SHARED LOCK)
Read locks as the name suggests, are locks taken on resources to provide consistent read by blocking writes to that resource. The read locks are also known as shared locks because many clients can acquire read locks on the same resource simultaneously. The other thing to know is that, while read lock is in place, no write lock can be acquired on that resource.
Following is how MySQL will grant read lock:

if there is no write lock set on the resource grant the read lock immediately
if there is a write lock on the resource, put the lock in the read lock queue


WRITE LOCK (EXCLUSIVE LOCK)
Write lock is taken on a resource when it needs to be modified. There can be only one write lock on a resource at a given time. While a write lock is held on a resource, all other read lock requests must also wait.
Following is how MySQL will grant write lock:

if there is no (read/write) lock on the resource, grant the write lock immediately
if there is a lock on the resource, put the write lock in the write lock queue

PRIORITY OF READ AND WRITE LOCK
Write lock has a higher priority than read lock. When a resource is unlocked, and if there are lock requests waiting in the queue, then the lock is granted in the following manner:

grant the lock first to the request waiting in the write lock queue
if there is no lock request for the resource in the write lock queue, then grant the lock to the first request in the read lock queue

Locking in MyISAM

MyISAM supports table-level locking and does not support row-level locking. Because of this behavior, MyISAM is typically well suited for applications which have a high percentage of reads as compared to writes. But because MyISAM supports locking at a high level, the memory needed for locking is typically less, say when you compare it to row-level locks.

However, MyISAM does allow concurrent INSERTs in some situations!

CONCURRENT INSERTS
If there are no holes in MyISAM table, then INSERTs happen at the end of the table, and in such a situation INSERTs and SELECTs are allowed to happen concurrently on the same table, with INSERT needing no write locks. But there is a caveat, if there are many INSERT requests, then the INSERTs are done serially, which implies that only one INSERT can execute concurrently with SELECTs on the same table. Now what exactly are hole? Holes are produced when rows are deleted
and/or  updated in the middle of a MyISAM table.
 
Locking in InnoDB
 
InnoDB unlike MyISAM supports both table-level locking as well as row-level locking, which allows for a more fine-grained control over the resource to be locked. Row-level locking allows InnoDB to be extremely efficient in case of heavy write-load.
InnoDB also has a very nice feature MVCC, which allows for non-locking consistent reads. This is achieved by having different snapshots of data available to different transactions. However, if you have the transaction isolation level  set to SERIALIZABLE then plain SELECTs are automatically converted to locking SELECTs.

However, AUTO_INCREMENT columns need table-level locks.

TABLE-LEVEL AUTO_INC LOCKS

INSERTs into AUTO_INCREMENT column need table-level lock for the duration of the INSERT statement. This is so that the INSERTs are safe for statement-based replication. However, as of MySQL >= 5.1, which also introduced row-based replication, this behavior is configurable using the variable innodb_autoinc_lock_mode, but you still need to be using  row-based replication for the INSERTs to be safe for replication. Set the value of innodb_autoinc_lock_mode to 2, and
then INSERT like statements will not take any table-level locks.


Imagine The Scenario


0.00 seconds A select query (ie. read-only) accesses the table, it will take around 2 seconds to complete.
0.01 seconds Another select query accesses the table, it takes no time and will complete in an instant as it can run in  parallel.
0.02 seconds An insert, delete or update query (ie. write) attempts to write to that very same table before the first select has completed.
0.03 seconds A select query comes in, again waiting for the first select to complete.
0.04 seconds Another select query comes in, again waiting for the first select to complete.
0.05 seconds Yet another select query comes in, again waiting for the first select to complete.
1.99 seconds (~1000 queries later) Yet another select query comes in, again waiting for the first select to complete. And so on and so forth.

The queries in red are blocked and have to wait for the first select to complete before they can be executed. The selects in red are blocked by the write operation in orange which is in turn blocked by
the long-running select in green. This is what causes the table_locks_waited value to grow.

The following items describe some ways to avoid or reduce contention caused by table locking:

• Try to get the SELECT statements to run faster so that they lock tables for a shorter time. You might have to create some summary tables to do this.
• Start mysqld with --low-priority-updates. For storage engines that use only table-level locking (such as MyISAM, MEMORY,and MERGE), this gives all statements that update (modify) a table lower priority than SELECT statements. In this case,the second SELECT statement in the preceding scenario
• would execute before the UPDATE statement, and would not need to wait for the first SELECT to finish.
• To specify that all updates issued in a specific connection should be done with low priority, set the
• low_priority_updates server system variable equal to 1.
• To give a specific INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement lower priority, use the LOW_PRIORITY attribute.
• To give a specific SELECT statement higher priority, use the HIGH_PRIORITY attribute. 
• Start mysqld with a low value for the max_write_lock_count system variable to force MySQL to temporarily elevate the priority of all SELECT statements that are waiting for a table
• after a specific number of inserts to the table occur. This permits READ locks after a certain number of WRITE locks.
• If you have problems with INSERT combined with SELECT, consider switching to MyISAM tables, which support concurrent SELECT and INSERT statements.
• If you mix inserts and deletes on the same table, INSERT DELAYED may be of great help.
• If you have problems with mixed SELECT and DELETE statements, the LIMIT option to DELETE may help.
• Using SQL_BUFFER_RESULT with SELECT statements can help to make the duration of table locks shorter.
• You could change the locking code in mysys/thr_lock.c to use a single queue. In this case, write locks and read locks would have the same priority, which might help some applications.

Instant’s Auto complete Suggestions Review

Over the past couple of years, auto-complete has become famous over the web. Facebook, YouTube, Google, Bing, MSDN, LinkedIn,Apple and other websites try to complete text phrases as soon as we typing.

Auto-complete definitely makes for a nice user experience, but it can be a challenge to implement efficiently. In many cases, an efficient implementation requires the use of interesting algorithms and data structures. In this blog post, I will describe all about it.

Basic Idea

Basically Auto complete is combination of HTML,JS,CSS and data source. It could be JS string or a file or data fetching from db connection. we usually fetch data from source on the basis of JS events like onkeyup etc. 

Engineering Challenges

however we notice that Facebook or google's auto suggestions are working very fast or with good speed.  I encountered first time with speed issue when i worked for www.peerpower.com. Actually we had planed to use Auto suggester frequently to show master data in drop downs. see registration page http://www.peerpower.com/register.php. That time i implemented incremental caching feature at browser side but later i found that still i don't touch facebook and google standards.

However now some open sourse caching plugins are avalable by default. see http://docs.jquery.com/Plugins/Autocomplete and http://flexbox.codeplex.com.

Typically following are the key points which play game in efficient manner.

1.  Data structure to retrieve big data
2.  client side caching from memcache indexed javascript array (for example first letter as index, so friends['a'] = [andrey, albert] )
3. client side storage techniques (normally all modern browser support it )
4.  warm up caches as early as it can
5. build an index of names -> dom elements, do dom manipulation offline and attach the results with only people that match the searched term

Data structure to retrieve big data

Ternary search trees Trie is used to retrive data for auto-complete lookup but needs too much memory. Solution for it PATRICIA (Practical Algorithm to Retrieve Information Coded in Alphanumeric). http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeAlgDS/Tree/PATRICIA/

Both are data structues so you can read them about in details separately. 

Other Challenges

Suggestions Can Vary By Region & Language

Not everyone sees the same suggestions. For example if i am in delhi then i will see delhi based results with high priority.

Previously Searched Suggestions

Big demand in suggestor product to track how are things going.

How Suggestions Are Ranked

Big question if you plan to put suggestor at home page.Popularity is a factor, but some less popular searches might be shown above more popular ones.

Deduplicating & Spelling Corrections

Its basic functionality that everyone dreams in auto suggestor :P

Freshness

If there are terms that suddenly spike in popularity in the short term, these can appear as suggestions, even if they haven’t gained long-term popularity.

Dev team with no QA resources

Right now in my organization, there are completely independent roles for QA and Dev. QA vs Development ratio is always an open issue, specially in crucial prod releases :P


In my office, we are thinking about DEV without QA i.e. push releases on prod without/partial help of QA. 


Overall idea is avoid QA using either TDD, peer programming or peer code review etc. 


Here are few key notes ( my worries :P however they are very subjective, but based on experience)

1. Can developers really be effective testers, with their intimate knowledge of the application?
2. Can developers could be a good "bug finders" rather than engineers.
3. People are often blind to their own shortcomings or mistakes, and developed code is best validated when tested by third parties. Of course, proper monitoring and management of this process could mitigate the process...but it's a concern.
4. Can developer think high visibility prospective. Sometimes a customer relationship can be impaired by simple usability flaws -- a somewhat common mistake for an immature developer.
5. Increases the chance for rework
6. Leads time involved more on testing application or module

However following are few parameters which helps.


How much unit testing the developers are doing. The more they do, the less QA dependency.


How much the developers are writing from scratch versus leveraging existing libraries. If there is a lot of pre-existing code in use then its disappointing call.


How dynamic the development is. If you are writing a UI where relatively small developer tweaks cause a large change to the testable surface then it would be pain.


How mission critical the feature is. It need a lot more testing because bugs are hard to fix in the field and very bad when they happen.

understanding domain driven design

What is DDD ? Actually I've always developed code in a SOA type of way. I prefer overall architecture as SOA and I know SOA and DDD are two conflicting styles :P


Anyway today i got chance to review code based on DDD. So I have started reading DDD. Still I am unable to completely grasp the concept of Entity vs Value objects. ;-)


I am interested in

1. An illustrative Domain Model
2. Repositories
3. Use of Domain/Application Services
4. Value Objects
5. Aggregate Roots

If you can help then it would be appreciable. 

Well i am looking for how fit SOA and DDD together ? well we can create a domain model that encapsulates domain concepts, and expose entry points into that model via services.

Maybe the problem we can face is that create services like "UpdateOrder" which takes an order entity and tries to update this in a new session?

We should try to avoid that kind of services and instead break those down to smaller atomic commands.

Each command can be exposed as an operation, or you could have a single service operation that receives groups of commands and then delegate those to command handlers.

Well you can read more from web .. here are few good links.

https://github.com/superlogical/Paramore/blob/master/Ignorance/theRules.txt

http://www.domaindrivendesign.org/books/index.html#DDD

Finally summarizing all important key role of DDD.

• Only use one level of indentation per method
• Don't use the else keyword
• Wrap all primitives and strings
• Use only one dot per line
• Unless explicitly using a fluent interface over an OO model
• Don't abbreviate
• Keep all entities small (no more than 50 lines)
• Don't use a class with more than two instance variables
• Use first class collections
• Don't use any getters/setters/properties
• On a class, it's fine to do this with a data object, such as a DTO
• Don't give a data object behavior
• But don't build an illogical model, if a data object needs behavior, make a class

Ending my post with following :P enjoy :-)

I was once asked what my personal motto is. Funnily enough, I had never really decided on one, but I guess it would be:-

“Choose a job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life”

--Confucius

But if you really dig, you’ll find that this line describes best:

“You aren’t remembered for doing what is expected of you”

--Perfect.

check before going to print a web page

Recently we launched online forms product where students can apply for courses in various institutes individually and can pay forms fees, submit documents etc. Here we encountered with  printing web page functionality. It behaves differently across browsers and sometimes forms layout is not same as form shown in web page. However team is working on that , i searched in google and  find out to know root causes.


1. Avoid printing web page, best is to provide pdf for same as earlier we did for sums invoices reports.


2. Lets look below points which generally we follow if we plan to print web page.


General print styles tips to use to get better print outs 



/* Print styles */
@media print 
{
    tr, td, th {page-break-inside:avoid}
    thead {display:table-header-group}
    .NoPrint {visibility:hidden; display:none}
    a {color:#000000}
}

1. The top one prevents page breaks inside of a table row
2. The thead style makes any rows in the thead tag repeat for each page that the table spans across.
3. NoPrint is a class I use to show something on the screen, but not in print.
4. And, I like to turn off link colors.

Use separate CSS for print.

<LINK rel="stylesheet" type"text/css" href="print.css" media="print">

There is another way also.

<STYLE type="text/css">

@media print {

   BODY {font-size: 10pt; line-height: 120%; background: white;}

}

@media screen {

   BODY {font-size: medium; line-height: 1em; background: silver;}

}

</STYLE>

So lets take an example of CSS where we shown two different versions for screen and media.

/* screen display styles */

BODY {color: silver; background: black;}

A:link {color: yellow; background: #333333; text-decoration: none;}

A:visited {color: white; background: #333333; text-decoration: none;}

A:active {color: black; background: white; text-decoration: none;}

H1, H2, H3 {color: #CCCCCC; background: black; padding-bottom: 1px;

    border-bottom: 1px solid gray;}

Here is page for same.

And for printing purpose.

/* print styles */
BODY {color: black; background: white;}
A:link, A:visited {background: white; color: black; text-decoration: underline;
   font-weight: bold;}
H1, H2, H3 {background: white; color: black; padding-bottom: 1px;
   border-bottom: 1px solid gray;}
DIV.adbanner {display: none;}

check page here.

There are some other points like margin, float, hyperlink etc causes printing effect. So here is common CSS for printing.

body {
   background: white;
   font-size: 12pt;
   }
#menu {
   display: none;
   }
#wrapper, #content {
   width: auto;
   margin: 0 5%;
   padding: 0;
   border: 0;
   float: none !important;
   color: black;
   background: transparent none;
   }
div#content {
   margin-left: 10%;
   padding-top: 1em;
   border-top: 1px solid #930;
   }
div#mast {
   margin-bottom: -8px;
   }
div#mast img {
   vertical-align: bottom;
   }
a:link, a:visited {
   color: #520;
   background: transparent;
   font-weight: bold;
   text-decoration: underline;
   }
#content a:link:after, #content a:visited:after {
   content: " (" attr(href) ") ";
   font-size: 90%;
   }
#content a[href^="/"]:after {
   content: " (http://www.shiksha.com" attr(href) ") ";
   }

Hope it will be helpful.

Is microtime enough to get consumed time in software application

I heard that few engineers are debating on to find out actual time consumption in profile page and specially accuracy in php micortime. A sort of benchmarking that tells how much CPU utilization were involved in new peaces of code.

We live in a time of multi-tasking,multi processors and background processing. So debating on microtime or cpu usages is worthless if you are working for web application. Each and every measurement and benchmarking is required to make robust and reliable application.

Lets back to system time,wall time debate.

Open a browser for one hour doesn’t mean that computer has spent an hour of dedicating it’s resources to the browser.(unless it’s IE of course…:P)

Also its depend on application. APC,memcached,varnish,gearman,cassandra etc can divert the result to benchmark application as well as estimated results.

There are three different types of times which was taken by application.

1. System time(processor spends on behalf of the current process)
2. User time (time spend in executing code in user mode)
3. Wall time (Amount of time that passes on our wall clock while process runs)

The advantage of system time is it will give the amount of time that any subproccesses right down to the low lever system processes (ie. file i/o, socket operations) take. This can also be a
disadvantage though because it may make it harder to determine if a bottleneck is happening in your code or in some sub-system your code uses.

getrusage() information is CPU time used and microtime() is wall clock time. The program may run for 10 minutes according to the clock on the wall, but internally may only use a few seconds of CPU
time. Then there's contending for CPU time with all the background programs running on the system, resource contention, plus regular housekeeping.

There's far too many factors involved to be able to get an accurate timing for such short periods. Doing three runs of the while(microtime()) version of loop, I got the following timings:

user: 0.98, 0.09, 0.90 sys: 0.12, 0.05, 0.94

Obviously quite the variance. Even just a simple has utime/stimes ranging from 0 to 0.03.

Try running application longer periods, and do something within them to increase cpu usage.

API in PHP to check server Load
// make sure safe mode shud be off

function ServerLoad()
{
    $stats = exec('uptime');
    preg_match('/averages?: ([0-9.]+),[s]+([0-9.]+),[s]+([0-9.]+)/', $stats, $regs);
    return ($regs[1].', '.$regs[2].', '.$regs[3]);
}

Happy Coding !!! Enjoy !

I wanna exit from a user defined php function if it takes longer time than expected

I think this is common problem that we suffered in our applications. There are many activity in application which took longer time, its shown bad user experience as well as sometime its thrown unexpected errors
like blank page etc.

In php there is no way to judge this thing unless your code is written in multi processing manner.

Let's look on function signature.

function downloadCSV(activityid)
{
1. is logged-in user (user has proper credits and authenticate user again)
2. RPC to get activity detail (activity is marked as pending/done/in progress etc)
3. RPC to get userids as result from activityid
4. RPC to get user details
5. Make CSV
6. detact credits from user account and update log tables in DB
7. download CSV
}

This API can fails in various steps.

1. network timeout/failure
2. DB was down
3. Server was down
4. RPC fails because as above reasons
5. Time out due to get user detail
6. DB server was hogged-up

Below i listed, what i figured out from Internet however there are other solutions too but i keep in mind to untouched existing code as less as possible.

1. Check HTTP code using curl

$httpCode = curl_getinfo($handle, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if($httpCode == 404) {
/* Handle 404 here. */
}

2.  Using curl to set time out time

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 2);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 2);

3. Provide socket time out settings

ini_set('default_socket_timeout', 10);
$url = "http://example.com/";
if( file_get_contents( urlencode($url) ) === false ) {
   // failure
} else {
   // success
}

4. Using PHP's stream_set_timeout settings
stream_set_timeout($obj, 2);

Another approaches are forking your code in such manner that it divides in different threads then we can set a timer that will exit after some configurable value.

design components of distributed application architecture

Its requires time to discuss in details, however this post is in draft state but i figured out 6 important layers in architecture. Please go thrugh and feel free suggest if you have any better suggestions.

1. Create a web service with something like Apache Axis
2. Use an ESB - something like Mule or JBoss
3. Use a simple web Servlet on the server, and submit data using HTTP POST. You could use a simple embeddable Java web server like Jetty to do this.
4. Use a messaging protocol like Kryonet or Google's protocol buffers
5. Use a more general network application framework such as Netty

funny programming terms that we share in workplace

I have maintained a list. Please feel free add.

Chindi

It mean cheap-less code but it works well.

Cha-gai

Impressive code that was written in very short time.

Chamka

Things are properly understandable.

Quantum bug

The bug that fails to occur when trying to observe it (ie tracing through code a line at a time).

Code Monkey

An insulting term to describe a poor programmer, usually who does not grasp basic or common programming concepts, and sometimes whose best coding capabilities can be described as "GoogleCut&Paste".

Ghost Bug.

Referring to a bug that cannot be reproduced in controllable conditions, a bug that seams to have appeared but no one is sure about it. A bug that requires voodoo for fixing. A bug
that drives a developer to think that a mutex should be used in a single threaded app.

Hackfactoring

The process of taking code and refactoring it without consequence to make it do what management demands that the code do.

Faith based programming

When "Jimmy", instead of using a more.. "scientific" approach to problem solving, just randomly delete, comment or rename a variable/line of code and prays for it for compile/runs.

Pixie Dust

A "tool" used by developers to "magically" fix certain issues via abnormal/illogical/unexplained means. (coined by the leader of our support team) When an issue completely baffles the
development team we are "out of pixie dust".

A**hole Features

Features that are thought of during release planning that add little to no actual value to the software.

Fragile

To use Agile methodologies and have people totally screwing it up.

Hi-driven development

When you debug your program by writing alert('Hi') statements in a trial-and-error fashion

Disaster Driven Development

When Your PMs and salesmen promised that You will build "space shuttle" in one month.

Hope Driven Development

A software development technique in which an application is developed in a long unplanned development cycle, with minimal "Steve Irwin-style testing", all with the hope that
everything will work as intended when released.

Different kinds of bug reports:

Smug Report - a bug submitted by a user who thinks he knows a lot more about the system's design than he really does. Filled with irrelevant technical details and one or more suggestions (always
wrong) about what he thinks is causing the problem and how we should fix it.

Drug Report - a report so utterly incomprehensible that whoever submitted it must have been smoking crack. The lesser version is a chug report, where the submitter is thought to have had one too many.

Shrug Report - a bug report with no error message or repro steps and only a vague description of the problem. Usually contains the phrase "doesn't work."

Refuctoring

The process of taking a well-designed piece of code and, through a series of small, reversible changes, making it completely unmaintainable by anyone except yourself.

Heisenbug

Can't take credit for this, but it is awesome!
A computer bug that disappears or alters its characteristics when an attempt is made to study it.

Hindenbug

A catastrophic data destroying bug - "Oh the humanity!"

Counterbug

A bug you present when presented with a bug caused by the person presenting the bug

Bloombug

A bug that accidentally generates money (just did this one)

Fear Driven Development

When project management adds more pressure (fires someone or something).

Common Law Feature

A bug in the application that has existed so long that it is now part of the expected functionality, and user support is required to actually fix it.


Hydra Code

Code that cannot be fixed. One fix causes two new bugs.It should be rewritten.

Protoduction

A prototype that ends up in production.

Ninja comments

Also known as invisible comments, secret comments, or no comments.

Chunky salsa

Based on the chunky salsa rule, a single critical error or bug that renders an entire system unusable, especially in a production environment.

Rubberducking

Sometimes, you just have to talk a problem out. I used to go to my boss and talk about something and he'd listen and then I'd just answer my own question and walk out without him saying a thing.

I read about someone that put a rubber duck on their monitor so they could talk to it, so rubberducking is talking your way through a problem.

Databasically

"Hey, I'll put all of our customers into a Word document and then we can X." "No, we should do that database-ically so that we can keep that list up to date."

Hooker Code


Code that is problematic and causes application instability (application "goes down" often).